IRS to test own free e-filing system in ’24 pilot program

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NEW YORK — Most taxpayers are interested in filing their taxes directly to the IRS for free, a new report says, and that option will be tested next year.

The IRS has spent nine months studying whether U.S. taxpayers want to see a free e-filing system run by the government — and is now preparing to launch a pilot program.

The prospect of a free, government-run online tax filing system has been debated for a long time. Supporters argue that the option would make tax return services more equitable and accessible for taxpayers nationwide. But some big tax-prep companies have opposed it.

The IRS plans to launch a pilot program for the 2024 filing season to test a “direct file” system and help the federal government decide whether to move forward with potentially implementing it in the future, IRS Commissioner Danny Werfel and the Treasury’s Chief Implementation Officer Laurel Blatchford said.

There are still few details available about the pilot as the agency determines the basic structure, but Werfel said that members of the public will have the option to participate.

The IRS was tasked with looking into how to create a “direct file” system as part of the funding it received from the Inflation Reduction Act, Democrats’ flagship climate and health care measure that President Joe Biden signed last summer. It gave the IRS nine months and $15 million to report on how such a program would be implemented.

The IRS published a feasibility report Tuesday laying out taxpayer interest in direct file, how the system could work, its potential cost, operational challenges and more.

The report shows that the majority of surveyed taxpayers would be interested in using an IRS-provided tool to prepare and file their taxes electronically — and that the IRS is “technically capable of delivering direct file, but doing so would require additional resources and add complexity to IRS operations,” Werfel said on a call with reporters.

The IRS’s existing free e-file option, available to lower income taxpayers who qualify, will remain in place, he added.

Individuals of all income levels can also still submit their returns for free via the mail — although it can take months to process paper returns.

The new, direct e-file program being tested “could potentially save taxpayers billions of dollars annually,” said Blatchford, who noted that an individual taxpayer pays an average of $140 preparing their tax returns each year.

The report’s initial cost analysis shows that a pre-file option run by the IRS “could cost less than $10 per return to provide, and of course would be free to taxpayers — by comparison, simple electronic filing options currently available to taxpayers are around $40.”

The study estimates that annual costs of direct file may range, depending on the program’s usage and scope, from $64 million for 5 million users to $249 million for 25 million users.

While supporters applauded the pilot program, critics have expressed skepticism about the IRS taking on the dual roles of both tax collector and tax preparer, arguing that the new service could create a power imbalance between taxpayers and the government.

Steve Ryan, general counsel of the American Coalition for Taxpayer Rights, an advocacy group for tax companies, said “a direct e-file system is unnecessary, costly and will divert attention and resources from more pressing priorities at IRS.”

Big tax preparation companies also have millions of dollars to lose if the program comes to fruition. Last year, more than 60 million taxpayers were serviced between Intuit, the parent company of TurboTax, and H&R Block.

Derrick Plummer, a spokesman for Intuit, said the study “cherry-picks data to support its flawed conclusion,” namely that only 12% of taxpayers said they would use a government-run system if state returns are not included in the program.